Answer all the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.
1. State the main source of information in history and government on Kenyan communities. (1 Mark)
2. What was the main reason for the dispersal of the coastal Bantus from Shungwaya? (1 Mark)
3. Identify two customs acquired by the Bantu from their interaction with the Cushites. (2 Marks)
4. State the main archeological evidence to proof that there was contact between the Kenyan coast and the Chinesein the early 16th century. (1 Mark)
5. State two recommendations of the Devonshire white paper of 1923. (2 Marks)
6. Give two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade. (2 Marks)
7. Name two leaders who led the Agyriama during their resistance against British occupation of Kenya. (2 Marks)
8. Identify two rights of the marginalized groups as contained in the Kenyan constitution. (2 Marks)
9. List two conditions a person in Kenya must fulfill to vie for presidential elections (2 Marks)
10. Name two missionary societies that merged to form the alliance of missionary societies in British East Africa. (2 Marks)
11. State two reasons why the Africans were not allowed to grow cash crops during the colonial period. (2 Marks)
12. Give two sources of Kenya law (2 Marks)
13. Name the engineer who supervised the construction of the Kenya – Uganda railway. (1 Mark)
14. Identify two factors that led to the emergence of independent churches and schools in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 Marks)
14. Why is the right to life the most important right in the Kenyan constitution? (1 Mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from the is section in the answer booklet provided
16. a. State three duties of the morans among the Maasai during thepre-colonial period. (3 Marks)
b. Explain the social political systems of the Ameru during the pre-colonial period. (12 Marks)
17. a. Enumerate five factors that led to the decline of the Indian Ocean trade. (5 Marks)
b. Explain the positive impact of the Portuguese rule along the East African coast. (10 Marks)
18. a. Outline five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya. (5 Marks )
b. Explain five contributions of Wangari Maathai in nation building. (10 Marks)
19. a. Give three reasons why Africans refused to give their labour to white settlers. (3 Marks)
b. Explain the effects of colonial land policies on the people of Kenya. (12 Marks)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided
20. a. State five values of good citizenship. (5 Marks)
b. Explain five reasons that can lead to Kenyan citizenship being revoked. (10 Marks)
21. a. Identify three features of the independence constitution of Kenya in 1962. (3 Marks)
b. Explain six constitutional changes in Kenya between 1975 and 2011. (12 Marks)
22.a. List three sources of county revenue. (3 Marks)
b. Discuss six reasons why devolved government in Kenya is very important. (12 Marks)
Marking Scheme
1. State the main source of information in history and government on Kenya communities.Oral traditions 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
2. What was the main reason for the dispersal of the coastal Bantus from Shungwaya?Attacks by the Oromo speakers 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
3. Two customs acquired by the Bantu from their interaction with the Cushites.CircumcisionAge set systemTaboo’s against eating fish 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
4. Main archeological evidence to proof that there was contact between the Kenyan coast and the Chinese in the early 16th century.Chinese coin 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
5. Two recommendations of the Devonshire white paper of 1923.Kenya was an African country therefore African interests were to be considered first /paramount.The Kenya Highlands were reserved for European settlers only.The Indians were allowed to elect five representatives to the legco but on a communal roll.A missionary was to be nominated to the legco to represent African interestsRacial segregation was to be abolished in residential areas. 2 x 1 – 2 marks
6. Two reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade.Ukambani land had poor soils and unreliable rainfall for farmingOut break of famine in Ukambani in 1836Ukambani land was centrally placed between the coast and the interiorThe Akamba had an enterprising merchant who organized people into caravans. 2 x 1 = 2 marks
7. Two leaders who led the Agyriama during their resistance against British occupation of Kenya.Mekatilili wa MenzaWanjawa Madorika
8. Two rights of the marginalized groups as contained in the Kenyan constitution.Right to participate in government and other spheres of lifeRight to be provided with appropriate educationRight to be provided with employmentRight to develop their cultural values, language and practices.Right to have access to water, health services and infrastructure. 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
9. Two conditions a person in Kenya must fulfil to vie for presidential electionsMust be a Kenyan citizenMust be 35 years and aboveMust be a registered voter in a constituencyMust be nominated by a political partyMust not be bankruptMust be of sound mind
10. Two missionary societies that merged to form the alliance of missionary societies in British East Africa.Church Missionary SocietyChurch of Scotland Mission (CSM)African Inland Mission (AIM)United Methodist Church Mission (UMCM) 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
11. Two reasons why the Africans were not allowed to grow cash crops during the colonial period.Europeans did not want to compete with the Africans in the marketThe Europeans feared that the Africans would produce low quality productsAfricans crops would affect the European farms since they lacked capital for pesticides.Europeans feared to loose African labour 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
12. Two sources of Kenyan lawAfrican customsReligious belief systemsBritish common lawLegislation or acts of parliamentJudicial precedentsThe constitution 2 x 1 = 1 mark
13. The engineer who supervised the construction of the Kenya – Uganda railway.George Whitehouse
14. Two factors that led to the emergence of independent churches and schools in Kenya during the colonial period.Africans were against the missionaries who were against their cultureAfricans were against missionary education that prepared Africans for low cadre jobsThe Africans were expelled from churches and schoolsAfricans were discriminated against in the church leadership 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
15. Why is the right to life the most important right in the Kenyan constitution?Without the right to life, one cannot enjoy the other rights 1 x 1 = 1 mark
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
16. a. Duties of the morans among the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.They defended the community against external attacksThey conducted raiding activitiesThey ensured that there was security within the community 3 x 1 = 3 marks
b. Explain the social political systems of the Ameru during the precolonial period.
SocialOrganized in clan system of related members.Believed in a supreme being referred to as Baaba WeetuPracticed circumcision of both boys and girlsThey were polygamous and exogamousBelieved in ancestral spiritsThere was division of labour mark Any3 x 2 = 6 Marks
PoliticalOrganized in clan led by a council of eldersThey were decentralized communityThey practiced age set system that produced a class of warrior’sAmeru had different councils of elders that worked under the moral code.The religious leaders assisted in administration. Mark any three 3 x 2 = 6 Marks
17. a.Five factors that led to the decline of the Indian Ocean trade.Exhaustion of items of trade like slaves, gold and ivoryAbolition of slavery and slave tradeEuropean colonization of East AfricaEmergence of industrial revolution in EuropeEstablishment of legitimate trade by the missionariesThe Portuguese conquest of East African Coast 5 x 1 = 5 Marks
b. Positive impact of the Portuguese rule along the East African coast.Introduction of new crops in East Africa such as maize, groundnuts, cassava, sweet potatoes, citrus, fruits, guavas etcAfricans leant to use animal waste as manure from the PortugueseKiswahili language adopted some Portuguese words e.g. mvinyo (Mvinyo meaning wine)Portuguese architecture was introduced at the coast such as the construction of fort Jesus and Vasco da Gamas pillar in Malindi.Portuguese rule made the people at the coast to interact with the Indians from Goa. These later came to settle in KenyaThe Portuguese spread Christianity in Kenya. 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
18. a. Five roles played by women in the struggle for independence in Kenya.Women incited fighters to attack the British government such as prophetess Moraa incited Otenyo to attack general North Corte in 1908.Mekatilili wa Menza inspired the Agyriama to resist colonial rule. She administered oaths to the peopleWomen supplied food, clothes and weapons to the fighters such as Wambui OtienoWomen acted as spies and supplied information to the fightersWomen fought along side men in the forest like marshal MuthoniWomen acted as nurses to the injured fightersWomen set up independent churches and schools that encouraged Africans to join the armed struggleWomen composed songs that mobilized and inspired the fighters to fight more and more 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
b. Five contributions of Wangari Maathai in nation building.In 1976 Wangari Maathai became the first woman to acquire P.H.D in veterinary medicine and was appointed by the U.N. O to represent East and central Africa1977, she became a senior lecturer and later an associate professor1977 she started the Green Belt movement whose aim was to prevent soil erosion across Kenya by planting treesWangari Maathai served as the chairperson of Maendeleo ya Wanawake and the national council of women of Kenya.1991 – 1992 she participated in pressurizing the government to give multiparty democracy in Kenya.2002 she became the M.P for Tetu constituency and was appointed assistant minister in the ministry of environment natural resources and wildlife. 5 x 2 = 10 Marks
19. a. Three reasons why Africans refused to give their labour to white settlers.Africans were against the settlers because they took away their landAfricans had no value for moneyAfricans did not want to leave their families in the rural areasThe settlers gave Africans low payAfrican were overworked and abused when working 3 x 1 = 3 marks
b. The effects of colonial land policies on the people of Kenya.Africans were dispossessed of their land as the settlers acquired large tracks of landAfrican land was curved out for the construction of the railway and other uses by the EuropeansMany Africans were pushed into reservesLand alienation disrupted African traditional structures like women took up men roles in the reserves.Africans were compelled to give their labour to the settlersTaxes were introduced to force the Africans to work for the EuropeansAfricans became bitter and later led political groups to fight the Europeans. Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
20. a. State five values of good citizenship.A good citizen is loyal to the nation and its leadershipA good citizen should be patrioticA good citizen obeys the laws of the countryA good citizen respects other peopleA good citizen cooperates with the police when required any5 x 1 = 5 marks
b. Five reasons that can lead to Kenyan citizenship being revoked.Citizenship can be revoked if it was acquired through fraudIf during war a person engages or communicates with an enemy or assists the enemy during warIf one is convicted and sentenced for 3 years or more before five years from the date of registrationIf a person has been convicted of treasonIf one is out of the country for a long period without informing the Kenyan embassy any5x2 = 10mks
21. a. Three features of the independence constitution of Kenya in 1962.Provided for establishment of federal governmentSpelt out that the party with majority forms governmentSpelt out the rights and obligations of citizensProvided for establishment of national assembly consisting of the senate and house of representativesProvided for a post of prime minister to head governmentProvided for the post of governor general to head the stateSpelt out the power and responsibilities between regional governmentDivided the responsibilities between regional and central government any3 x 1 = 3 marks
b. Six constitutional changes in Kenya between 1975 and 2011.1975The official language in the national Assembly was made to be either English or Kiswahili1979Public servants who desired to vie for position in general elections were to resign at least six months before the elections.1982Section 2A was amended making Kenya adjure one party statePosition of the chief secretary as the head of the civil service was formalized1986Citizenship requirement was repealed. Those whose parents were Kenyans were entitled to citizenship1991The number of constituencies were raised to 210.Section 2A was repealed and Kenya became a multiparty state2010After the referendum, a new constitution was promulgated. Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks
22. a. Three sources of county revenue.Grants from the national governmentLoansSell of trade licensesRentsFinesSale of county property like land access any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
b. Why devolved government in Kenya is very important.To distribute authority over public goods and revenue hence making it difficult for individuals and groups of officials to collude and engage in corruptionIt fosters effective cooperation within the devolved units, particularly where devolution of authority takes place along territorial and communal lines therefore local communities are able to mobilize social pressure against corruptionIt provides goods and services whose consumption is limited to their own areas.It has the ability to promote gender efficiency in public services and allocating resourcesEncourages innovation in the delivery of services as people have a greater incentive to take part in aspects of communityIt becomes sensitive to regional variationsProvides an effective governance frame work for advancing policies to help the poor and therefore elevates poverty in society. Any 6 x 2 = 12 marks
