Answer all the questions in this section
1.State two disadvantages of using electronic sources of information in history and government. (2 Marks)
2.Why was the Homo habilis referred to as “Able man”? (1 Mark)
3.State two early agricultural practices used in Britain before 1850. (2 Marks)
4.Name one African country that thwarted European invasion and occupation in the 19thcentury (1Mark)
5.State two causes of the Chimuregawar. (2 Marks)
6.Identify two disadvantages of electricity as a source of energy (2 Marks)
7.List two negative effects of urbanization in Cairo (2 Marks)
8.What was the main reason for the use of direct rule in Zimbabwe? (1 Mark)
9.State two ways in which the steam engine contributed to industrial revolution in Britain. (2 Marks)
10.Enumerate two economic factors for the growth of the Mwene Mutapa kingdom. (2 Mark)
11.Identify the main challenge facing industrialization in third world countries (1 Mark)
12.Outline two methods used by the international community to hasten majority rule in South Africa. (1 Mark)
13.Why in the camel referred as the ship of the desert. (1 Mark)
14.What was the role of the Tuareqs during the Trans-Saharan trade (1Mark)
15.State two results of the Berlin conference of November 1884 to Feb 1885. (2 Mark)
16.Identify the contribution of Andreas Vesalius in the field of medicine (1 Mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
17.a. Identify three types of trade. (3 Marks)
b. Describe the organization of the Trans Sahara trade (12 Marks)
18.a. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of the Asante kingdom in the 18th century (3 Marks)
b. Describe the social organization of the Asante (12 Marks)
19.a. Identify five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 Marks)
b. Explain the factors that led to Agrarian revolution in the USA. (10Marks)
20.a. State three characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (3 Marks)
b. Explain six factors hindering industrialization in third world countries. (12Marks)
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
21.a. Enumerate the terms of the Lochner – Lewanika treaty of 1890 (3 Marks)
b. Explain the results of Lewanika’s collaboration with the British. (12Marks)
22.a. State three characteristics of indirect rule (3 Marks)
b. Discuss six reasons why indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria (12Marks)
23.a. What were the factors for the growth of nationalism in Ghana? (5 Marks)
b. Explain the role of Kwame Nkrumah in the struggle of Ghana’s independence in 1957. (10 Marks)
Marking Scheme
1.State two disadvantages of using electronic sources of information in history and government. (2 Marks)Expensive to buyRequires electricity which is not available in all areas.Not realistic – ExaggerationsLimited to the literate class
2.Why was the Homo habilis referred to as “Able man”? (1 Mark)This man was able to grasp objectsWas able to make tools
3.State two early agricultural practices used in Britain before 1850. (2 Marks)Farmers used simple tools to cultivateUse of broadcasting methodFarmers grew two or more crops on the same landThe farmers practiced mixed farming on communal landAfrican country that thwarted European invasion and occupation in the 19th century
4.Name one African country that thwarted European invasion and occupation in the 19thcentury (1Mark)Ethiopia
5.State two causes of the Chimurega war. (2 Marks)Ndebele and Shona were against loss of their independence.They were against loss of their landThey were against heavy taxationThe Ndebele were against loss of their cattle
6.Identify two disadvantages of electricity as a source of energy (2 Marks)Electricity is dangerous if not property installedElectricity generation and distribution is very expensiveElectricity generation relies on weather condition and therefore unreliable source of energy.
7.List two negative effects of urbanization in Cairo (2 Marks)Rural – urban migrationEmergence of immoral valuesOver crowdingUnemploymentEmergence of poor houses/slums
8.What was the main reason for the use of direct rule in Zimbabwe? (1 Mark)There was availability of enough manpowerWays in which the steam engine contributed to industrial revolution in Britain.
9.State two ways in which the steam engine contributed to industrial revolution in Britain. (2 Marks)It facilitated faster transportation of raw materials and finished goodsIt was used to pump water out of coal mines to facilitate miningIt provided a source of energy in the factoriesIt facilitated transportation of industrial workers
10.Enumerate two economic factors for the growth of the Mwene Mutapa kingdom. (2 Mark)Farming activities encouraged adequate food supply hence resources were directed in growing the kingdomTrading:The Shona were long distance tradersCraft industries. The Shona made iron tools, that were used conquestMain challenge facing industrialization in third world countries
11.Identify the main challenge facing industrialization in third world countries (1 Mark)Lack of political good will
12.Outline two methods used by the international community to hasten majority rule in South Africa. (1 Mark)Economic sanctions – Refuse to trade with S/AfricaMilitary sanctions – Refuse to sell arms to South AfricaDiplomatic relationships – refuse to trade with south Africa
13.Why in the camel referred as the ship of the desert. (1 Mark)Can move long distance without food and water.
14.What was the role of the Tuareqs during the Trans-Saharan trade (1Mark)What was the role of the Tuareqs during the Trans-Saharan tradeProvided food and accommodationActed as interpretersActed as guidesActed as guards / securityProtected the Oasis
15.State two results of the Berlin conference of November 1884 to Feb 1885. (2 Mark)Defined three rivers for free navigationCongoFree State was recognized as property of Belgium/king Leopold (II) BelgiumEuropeans to declare their sphere of influenceEffective occupation
16.Identify the contribution of Andreas Vesalius in the field of medicine (1 Mark)Anatomy:- dissection and examination of human corpses.
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
17.a. Identify three types of trade. (3 Marks)Local tradeRegional tradeInternational trade
b. Describe the organization of the Trans Sahara trade (12 Marks)The trade involved the Arabs trades from North Africa, desert tribes such as the Berbers and Tuareqs and people of West AfricaTrades organized large caravans consisting of camels and tradersThe desert tribes assisted the traders with water, security and acted as interpretersGoods were organized in advance. Agents sold goods on behalf of the tradersThe caravans left North Africa after the rainy seasonTraders gave gifts to the leaders of communities along trade routesTrade organized as barter trade
18.a. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of the Asante kingdom in the 18th century (3 Marks)Trade enabled the kingdom to acquire revenueTrade enabled them to acquire weapons which were used to expand kingdomWealth from trade boosted the kings prestigeNeed for items encouraged kings to acquire more territoriesWealth was used to reward loyal provincial rules
b. Describe the social organization of the Asante (12 Marks)The kingdom was composed of many communities who spoke the Akan \Twi languageAsante were organized in clansMarriage between members of same clan was prohibited / exogamyInheritance of property was matrilinealCommunity was bound together by the golden stoolOdwira annual cultural festival was held at Kumasi to honour the ancestorsSociety was divided into social classesAsante were polytheists / worshipped many gods and goddessesKings were regarded as semi-divine and were religious leaders
19.a. Identify five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 Marks)High populationPolitical instabilityPoor storage facilitiesEmphasis on growth of cash cropsSoil erosion / infertile soilsOverstockingPoor economieslack of capitalLack of good food policy
b. Explain the factors that led to Agrarian revolution in the USA. (10Marks)Environment. -Division into different agricultural zonesCheap slave labourMechanization in the northGovernment policy / supportGood transport networkAdequate capitalTechnology – canning and refrigerationResearch stationsImmigrants with knowledge of agricultureAvailability of land
20.a. State three characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (3 Marks)Use of steam power as source of energyRise of modern capitalismGoods were produced on large scale due to introduction of machinesRise of the factory system in towns instead of cottage industriesUse of machines to replace human and animals labourDevelopment of trade – union movementImproved living standards
b. Explain six factors hindering industrialization in third world countries. (12Marks)Inadequate fundsPoor means of transport and communication net works that hinder easy delivery of goods to marketsEuropean colonization exploited African resources and human resources hence did not want to develop theseInadequate skilled manpower due to low literacy levelsInadequate technology to manufacture quality goods and to exploit the natural resources.Protectionist policies by developing countries discourage private enterprises and foreign investmentsInadequate sources of energyShift competition from the developed countriesPolitical instability
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
21.a. Enumerate the terms of the Lochner – Lewanika treaty of 1890 (3 Marks)BSAC would have exclusive mining rights in BuloziLewanika would be paid 200 pounds a year and royalties of 4% of all mineral in the areaBSAC would build schools and promote tradeBulozi would be protected from external attacksLewanika would be a constitutional kingA British resident would be posted to the area to monitor BSAC activities advice Lewanika
b. Explain the results of Lewanika’s collaboration with the British. (12Marks)The Lozi people lost their independenceLewanika was made a paramount chiefLewanika was protected from his enemies such as the Germans, Boers, Ndebele and the PortugueseThe Lozi got were given western education and western medicineThe Lozi got imported goods from the British such as clothes, guns etcThe Lozi were subjected to economic exploitation such as forced labour and taxation
22.a. State three characteristics of indirect rule (3 Marks)African chiefs and headmen were appointed to rule the AfricansColonies were divided into provinces, districts and divisions and villages.The senior position in administration were occupied by the EuropeansEuropean policies were implemented by the Africans
b. Discuss six reasons why indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria (12Marks)There was lack of unity in the South due to many ethnic groups with diverse cultures, religion and languagesThe Yoruba were given excessive powers and this caused resentment and discontent among the peopleThe warrant chiefs were unpopular because they had no traditional claim to office and were imposed on the people by the BritishThe educated elite were ignored by the government and relegated and relegated to minor positions. This provoked resentment among the people.The people were opposed to direct taxation, forced labour and this had in 1918 culminated in the Igbo riotsSouthern Nigeria did not have a centralized governments suitable for indirect rule.Southern Nigeria lacked linguistic unity, making it difficult to administer
23.a. What were the factors for the growth of nationalism in Ghana? (5 Marks)Young Western educated people. These had elementary education but could not secure jobs.Smaller group of Africans with higher education who could articulate the grievances of their people.Farmers were upset by the meagreprofits they received from the sale of cocoa to European firmsOrdering of Africans to cut down their cocoa tree after an outbreak of the “Swollen shoot” diseaseEx-servicemen had gained exposure and confidence to deal with the EuropeansThe government granted trading licenses selectively to European traders denying Africans.
b. Explain the role of Kwame Nkrumah in the struggle of Ghana’s independence in 1957. (10 Marks)His role in Pan – Africansim congress made him the best choice among elites to carry on party affairsHis arrest and subsequent deportation to the North of Ghana popularized him among the Ghanaians.He founded the Conventional Peoples Party which advocated for radicalism in agitating for independence.CPP protested colonialism and the authority wielded by the Ashanti chiefdoms whose royal families wielded immense powerHe was innovative in politics (had Red, white and green flag for his party, party slogans and songs) which made the party vibrant among the youth.His eloquence in speech making against colonialism.He started the newspaper. “Accra evening news” to advance the cause for the people of Gold coast.
